UNIT - 1
Research Methodology:
Introduction, Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology, Research and Scientific Method, Research Process, Criteria of Good Research, Problems Encountered by Researchers in India. Defining the Research Problem: Research Problem, Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining the Problem, Technique Involved in Defining a Problem.
UNIT - 2
Reviewing the literature:
Place of the literature review in research, Bringing clarity and focus to research problem, Improving research methodology, Broadening knowledge base in research area, Enabling contextual findings, Review of the literature, searching the existing literature, reviewing the selected literature, Developing a theoretical framework, Developing a conceptual framework, Writing about the literature reviewed. Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design, Important Concepts Relating to Research Design, Different Research Designs, Basic Principles of Experimental Designs, Important Experimental Designs.
UNIT - 3
Design of Sample Surveys:
Design of Sampling: Introduction, Sample Design, Sampling and Non-sampling Errors, Sample Survey versus Census Survey, Types of Sampling Designs. Measurement and Scaling: Qualitative and Quantitative Data, Classifications of Measurement Scales, Goodness of Measurement Scales, Sources of Error in Measurement, Techniques of Developing Measurement Tools, Scaling, Scale Classification Bases, Scaling Technics, Multidimensional Scaling, Deciding the Scale. Data Collection: Introduction, Experimental and Surveys, Collection of Primary Data, Collection of Secondary Data, Selection of Appropriate Method for Data Collection, Case Study Method.
UNIT – 4
Data Preparation:
Data Preparation Process, Some Problems in Preparation Process, Missing Values and Outliers, Types of Analysis, Statistics in Research. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion, Measures of Skegness, Kurtosis, Measures of Relationship, Association in case of Attributes, Other Measures.
UNIT - 5
Sampling and Statistical Inference:
Parameters and Statistic, Sampling and Non- Sampling Errors, Sampling Distribution, Degree of Freedom, Standard Error, Central Limit Theorem, Finite Population Correction, Statistical Inference.
UNIT - 6
Testing of Hypotheses:
Hypothesis, Basic Concepts Concerning Testing of Hypotheses, Testing of Hypothesis, Test Statistics and Critical Region, Critical Value and Decision Rule, Procedure for Hypothesis Testing, Hypothesis Testing for Mean, Proportion, Variance, for Difference of Two Mean, for Difference of Two Proportions, for Difference of Two Variances, P-Value approach, Power of Test, Limitations of the Tests of Hypothesis. Chi-square Test: Test of Difference of more than Two Proportions, Test of Independence of Attributes, Test of Goodness of Fit, Caution in Using Chi Square Tests.
UNIT – 7
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA):
The ANOVA Technique, Basic Principle of ANOVA, One way ANOVA, Two way ANOVA, Latin – square Design, Analysis of Co- Variance, Assumptions in Co-Variance.
UNIT – 8
Linear Regression Analysis:
Dependent and Independent Variables, Simple Linear Regression Model, Multiple Linear Regression Model, Problem of Multicolinearity, Qualitative Explanatory Variables. Factor Analysis: The Mathematical Basis, Important Methods of Factor Analysis, Rotation in Factor Analysis, R – Type and Q – Type Factor Analysis, Merits and Demerits of Factor Analysis.
UNIT – 9
Probability:
Random Experiments, Sample Spaces, Events, The Concept of Probability, The Axiomsof Probability, Theorems on Probability, Assignment of Probabilities, Conditional Probability, Theorems on Conditional Probability, Independent Events, Bayes’Theorem. Random Variables, Discrete Probability Distributions, Distribution Functions for RandomVariables, Distribution Functions for Discrete Random Variables, Continuous Random Variables, Graphical Interpretations, Joint Distributions Independent Random Variables, Change of Variables, Probability Distributions of Functions of Random Variables, Convolutions, Conditional Distributions.
UNIT - 10
The Binomial Distribution, Properties of the Binomial Distribution, The Normal Distribution, Properties of the Normal Distribution, Relation Between Binomial and Normal Distributions, The Poisson Distribution, Properties of the Poisson Distribution, Relation Between the Binomial andPoisson Distributions, Relation Between the Poisson and Normal Distributions, The Hypergeometric Distribution.
Reference Books:
(1) Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, C.R. Kothari, Gaurav Garg, New Age International Publishers,4th Edition, 2019.
(2) Research Methodology a step-by-step guide for beginners, Ranjit Kumar, SAGE Publications Ltd, 3rd Edition, 2011. [For Unit -2, Reviewing the Literature]
(3)Probability and Statistics, Murray R. Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, 4th Edition, 2013.[For Unit -9 and Unit – 10]
Part II
Unit - 1.
Fluid Mechanics:
Physical properties of fluids, Fluid Statics, Fluids in motion, Fluid Kinematics, Fluid Dynamics, Dimensional analysis and similarity, Flow past Immersed bodies, Compressible flow and Boundary Layers theory.
Unit - 2.
Aerodynamics:
Airfoil characteristics, two dimensional flows & incompressible flow over airfoil, incompressible flow over airfoils, applications of finite wing theory & high lift systems, Prandtl’s classical lifting line theory. Compressible Flow,Normal Shock, Oblique shocks and Expansion waves, Differential Equations of Motion for Steady Compressible Flows, Measurements in High speed Flow.
Unit - 3.
Mechanics of Material:
Basics of linear elasticity, simple and compound stresses, bending moment and shear force in beams, Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, deflection of beam, Torsion of circular shafts and elastic stability of columns, Virtual work principles, Energy methods, Mechanical Properties of materials.
Unit - 4.
Aero structures:
Design for Static Strength, Design for Impact and Fatigue Strength, Loads on Aircraft and Aircraft Materials, Theory of Elasticity and Structures, Energy Methods and Columns.Bending of Open and Closed Thin Walled Beams, Shear and Torsion of Open and Closed Thin Walled Beams, Buckling of Plates, Joints and Fittings, Design Criteria and Structural Idealization, Stress Analysis in Wing Spars and Box beams
Unit - 5.
Aerothermodynamics:
Fundamental concepts and definitions, work and heat, first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, entropy, pure substances and idle gases, thermodynamic relations, gas power cycles, vapour power cycles.
Unit - 6.
Aircraft Propulsion:
Introduction, Propeller Theories & Jet propulsion, Inlets & Nozzles, Supersonic inlets, Nozzles, Gas Turbine Engine Compressors, Centrifugal compressors, Axial flow compressors, Combustion chambers and Turbines, Axial Flow Turbines, Radial turbine.
Unit - 7.
Aircraft Materials and Processes:
Introduction to Aircraft Materials, Aircraft Metal Alloys, Super Alloys, Composite Materials, Polymers, Polymeric Materials & Plastics and Ceramics & Glass, Ablative Materials, Aircraft Wood, Rubber, Fabrics & Dope and Paint, fatigue and creep, Corrosion and its Prevention, High Energy Materials.
Unit - 8.
Aircraft Performance:
The Equations of Motion Steady Unaccelerated Flight, Steady Performance – Level Flight, Climb & Glide, Fundamental Airplane Performance Parameters, Range and Endurance, Aircraft Performance in Accelerated Flight, Manoeuvre Performance.
Unit - 9.
Space Mechanics:
Types of orbits, Introduction to rocket propulsion-fundamentals of solid propellant rockets, liquid propellant rockets and hybrid rockets, Rocket equation, Specific Impulse, Multi-stage rockets, Single Stage to Orbit, attitude of rocket, Gravity Turn Trajectories, Impact point calculation, injection conditions-Flight dispersions, Burnout velocity.
Unit - 10.
Aircraft Systems and Instrumentation:
Power Distribution System, Navigation System, Electronic Flight Control System, Electronic Flight Instrument Systems, Introduction to Avionics Sub Systems and Electronic Circuits, Principles of Digital Systems, Flight Deck and Cockpits, Avionics Systems Integration.Engine Systems, Auxiliary Systems.