UNIT - 1
Research Methodology:
Introduction, Meaning of Research, Objectives of Research, Types of Research, Research Approaches, Significance of Research, Research Methods versus Methodology, Research and Scientific Method, Research Process, Criteria of Good Research, Problems Encountered by Researchers in India. Defining the Research Problem: Research Problem, Selecting the Problem, Necessity of Defining the Problem, Technique Involved in Defining a Problem.
UNIT - 2
Reviewing the literature:
Place of the literature review in research, Bringing clarity and focus to research problem, Improving research methodology, Broadening knowledge base in research area, Enabling contextual findings, Review of the literature, searching the existing literature, reviewing the selected literature, Developing a theoretical framework, Developing a conceptual framework, Writing about the literature reviewed. Research Design: Meaning of Research Design, Need for Research Design, Features of a Good Design, Important Concepts Relating to Research Design, Different Research Designs, Basic Principles of Experimental Designs, Important Experimental Designs.
UNIT - 3
Design of Sample Surveys:
Design of Sampling: Introduction, Sample Design, Sampling and Non-sampling Errors, Sample Survey versus Census Survey, Types of Sampling Designs. Measurement and Scaling: Qualitative and Quantitative Data, Classifications of Measurement Scales, Goodness of Measurement Scales, Sources of Error in Measurement, Techniques of Developing Measurement Tools, Scaling, Scale Classification Bases, Scaling Technics, Multidimensional Scaling, Deciding the Scale. Data Collection: Introduction, Experimental and Surveys, Collection of Primary Data, Collection of Secondary Data, Selection of Appropriate Method for Data Collection, Case Study Method.
UNIT – 4
Data Preparation:
Data Preparation Process, Some Problems in Preparation Process, Missing Values and Outliers, Types of Analysis, Statistics in Research. Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion, Measures of Skegness, Kurtosis, Measures of Relationship, Association in case of Attributes, Other Measures.
UNIT - 5
Sampling and Statistical Inference:
Parameters and Statistic, Sampling and Non- Sampling Errors, Sampling Distribution, Degree of Freedom, Standard Error, Central Limit Theorem, Finite Population Correction, Statistical Inference.
UNIT - 6
Testing of Hypotheses:
Hypothesis, Basic Concepts Concerning Testing of Hypotheses, Testing of Hypothesis, Test Statistics and Critical Region, Critical Value and Decision Rule, Procedure for Hypothesis Testing, Hypothesis Testing for Mean, Proportion, Variance, for Difference of Two Mean, for Difference of Two Proportions, for Difference of Two Variances, P-Value approach, Power of Test, Limitations of the Tests of Hypothesis. Chi-square Test: Test of Difference of more than Two Proportions, Test of Independence of Attributes, Test of Goodness of Fit, Caution in Using Chi Square Tests.
UNIT – 7
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA):
The ANOVA Technique, Basic Principle of ANOVA, One way ANOVA, Two way ANOVA, Latin – square Design, Analysis of Co- Variance, Assumptions in Co-Variance.
UNIT – 8
Linear Regression Analysis:
Dependent and Independent Variables, Simple Linear Regression Model, Multiple Linear Regression Model, Problem of Multicolinearity, Qualitative Explanatory Variables. Factor Analysis: The Mathematical Basis, Important Methods of Factor Analysis, Rotation in Factor Analysis, R – Type and Q – Type Factor Analysis, Merits and Demerits of Factor Analysis.
UNIT – 9
Probability:
Random Experiments, Sample Spaces, Events, The Concept of Probability, The Axiomsof Probability, Theorems on Probability, Assignment of Probabilities, Conditional Probability, Theorems on Conditional Probability, Independent Events, Bayes’Theorem. Random Variables, Discrete Probability Distributions, Distribution Functions for RandomVariables, Distribution Functions for Discrete Random Variables, Continuous Random Variables, Graphical Interpretations, Joint Distributions Independent Random Variables, Change of Variables, Probability Distributions of Functions of Random Variables, Convolutions, Conditional Distributions.
UNIT - 10
The Binomial Distribution, Properties of the Binomial Distribution, The Normal Distribution, Properties of the Normal Distribution, Relation Between Binomial and Normal Distributions, The Poisson Distribution, Properties of the Poisson Distribution, Relation Between the Binomial andPoisson Distributions, Relation Between the Poisson and Normal Distributions, The Hypergeometric Distribution.
Reference Books:
(1) Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, C.R. Kothari, Gaurav Garg, New Age International Publishers,4th Edition, 2019.
(2) Research Methodology a step-by-step guide for beginners, Ranjit Kumar, SAGE Publications Ltd, 3rd Edition, 2011. [For Unit -2, Reviewing the Literature]
(3)Probability and Statistics, Murray R. Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline Series, McGraw-Hill, 4th Edition, 2013.[For Unit -9 and Unit – 10]
Part II
Unit 1
Data Structures:
Stack: Definition, Representation, Stack as ADT, Operations and Applications: Polish and reverse polish expressions, Infix to postfix conversion, evaluation of postfix expression, infix to prefix, postfix to infix conversion; Recursion - Factorial, GCD, Fibonacci Sequence, Tower of Hanoi. Queue: Definition, Representation, Queue as ADT, Operations, Queue Variants: Circular Queue, Priority Queue, Double Ended Queue; Applications of Queues. Linked lists: singly linked list, doubly linked and its applications. Tress, sorting and searching and its applications.
Unit 2
Discrete Mathematical Structures:
Propositional logic, equivalences, Sets and set operations, Function definition and representation, types of function. Permutations, combinations, Graphs, terminology and special types of graphs, representation of graphs and its applications.
Unit 3
Operating Systems Management:
Process Management and Mutual Execution: Process, Process States, Process Description, Process Control, Execution of the Operating System, Security Issues, Processes and Threads, Symmetric Multi-processing (SMP), Microkernels. CPU Scheduler and Scheduling. Principles of Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support, Semaphores, Monitors, Message Passing, Readers/Writes Problem.
Dead Lock:
Principles of Deadlock, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock Avoidance, deadlock Detection, An Integrated Deadlock Strategy, Dining Philosophers Problem. Memory Management: Swapping, Contiguous Memory Allocation, Paging, Segmentation, Segmentation with Paging, demand paging Process Creation, Page Replacement, Allocation of Frames, Thrashing.
Unit 4
Database Management System:
Relational Model :Relational Model and Relational Algebra: Relational Model Concepts, Relational Model Concepts, Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schema Update Operations, Transactions and Dealing with Constraint violations, Unary Relational operations, Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory, Binary Relational Operations, JOIN and DIVISION, Additional Relational Operations, Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping. Transaction Management: Transaction Concept, A Simple Transaction Model, Transaction Atomicity and Durability, Serializability, Transaction Isolation and Atomicity, Transaction Isolation Levels, Implementation of Isolation Levels. Concurrency Control: Lock Based Protocols, Deadlock Handling. Recovery System: Failure Classification, Storage, Recovery and Atomicity, Recovery Algorithm.
Unit 5
Analysis and Design of Algorithm:
Introduction, Fundamentals of the Analysis of Algorithm Efficiency Notion of Algorithm, Fundamentals of Algorithmic Problem Solving, Important Problem Types, Fundamental data Structures. Analysis Framework, Asymptotic Notations and Basic efficiency classes, Mathematical analysis of Recursive and Non-recursive algorithms.
Unit 6
Object Oriented Analysis and Design:
What is Object Orientation? What is OO development? OO themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling as Design Technique: Modeling; abstraction; The three models. Object and class concepts; Link and associations concepts; Generalization and inheritance; A sample class model; Navigation of class models; Advanced object and class concepts; Association ends; N-array associations; Aggregation; Abstract classes; Multiple inheritance; Metadata; Reification; Constraints; Derived data; Packages;
Unit 7
Computer organization:
Binary Systems and Combinational Logic Digital Computers and Digital Systems. Binary Numbers, Number Base Conversion, Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers, subtractionusingr’sandr-1complements, Binary Code, Binary Storage and Registers, Binary Logic, Integrated Circuits. Digital Logic Gates, The map Method, Two–and Three–Variable Maps, Four–Variables Map. Arithmetic Circuits and Sequential Logic NAND and NOR Implementation, Other Two-Level Implementations, Don’t Care Conditions. Introduction, Adders, subtractors, binary Parallel Adder, Decimal Adder, Magnitude Comparator, Decoders, Multiplexers, BOOTH’s algorithm for signed numbers with example.
Unit 8
OOPs with C++:
The Origins of C++, What Is Object-Oriented Programming? Encapsulation, polymorphism, Inheritance. Some C++ Fundamentals, A Sample C++ Program, A Closer Look at the I/O Operators, Declaring Local Variables, No Default to int, The bool Data Type, Old-Style vs. Modern C++, The New C++ Headers, Namespaces, Working with an Old Compiler, Introducing C++ Classes, Function Overloading, Operator Overloading, Inheritance Constructors and Destructors.
Classes and Objects:
Classes, Structures and Classes Are Related, Unions and Classes Are Related , Anonymous Unions, Friend Functions, Friend Classes, Inline Functions, Defining Inline Functions Within a Class Parameterized Constructors, Constructors with One Parameter: A Special Case Static Class Members ,Static Data Members ,Static Member Functions, When Constructors and Destructors Are Executed ,The Scope Resolution Operator, Nested Classes, Local Classes, Passing Objects to Functions ,Returning Objects.
Unit 9
Software Engineering:
Introduction: Professional Software Development Attributes of good software, software engineering diversity, IEEE/ ACM code of software engineering ethics, case studies. Software Process models: waterfall, incremental development, reuses oriented, Process activities; Coping with change, The rational Unified process. Agile methods, Plan-driven and agile Development, Extreme Programming, Agile project management, Scaling agile methods
Unit 10
Computer Networks:
Networking Devices, Classification of Computer Networks, Network Protocol Stack (TCP/IP and ISO-OSI),Network Standardization and Examples of Networks. Data Transmission Concepts, Analog and Digital Data Transmission, Communication media, Digital modulation techniques (FDMA,TDMA,CDMA).
DNS:
Domain Name Space, Domain Resource Records, Domain Name Servers. Electronic mail: SMTP, The World Wide Web: Static and dynamic web pages, web applications, HTTP, mobile web. Streaming audio and Video: Digital audio and video, streaming stored and live media, Content delivery: Content and internet traffic, content delivery networks, peer-to-peer networks.