INTRODUCTION, CURRENT AND POTENTIAL USES OF ENZYME TECHNOLOGY:
Enzymes as biocatalysts: advantages and disadvantages over chemical catalysts and characteristics.Extraction and Purification of Enzymes: Extraction ofenzymes: Extraction of soluble enzymes and membrane boundenzymes, nature of extraction medium andconditions of extraction. Purification of enzymes:preliminary and secondary purification procedures,degree of purification and criteria of purity of enzymes.Determination of molecular mass of enzymes.
ENZYMATIC TECHNIQUES:
Principles of enzymatic analysis. Endpoint and kinetic methods, immunoassays, spectrophotometric, electrochemical and radiochemical. Test strips methods, automation in enzymatic analysis: fixed time, fixed and continuous concentration. Handling of enzymes and coenzymes. Applications of enzymes in medicine and diagnostic kits; therapeutic enzymes.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF ENZYME TECHNOLOGY:
Textile industry, detergents, pulp and paper, leather, wood, animal feed, food and dairy industry - amylases, proteases, lipases, pectinases. Immobilization of Enzymes: Introduction, immobilization techniques and carriers. Immobilization techniques for soluble and insoluble (bound) enzymes. Immobilization of cells and organelles. Activity and kinetics of immobilized enzymes.
IMMOBILIZED ENZYME REACTORS:
Types of bioreactors: Batch stirred tank, plug-flow tubular, continuous stirred tank, fixed (packed) bed, fluidized bed and membrane. Applications Of Immobilized Enzymes: Enzyme sensors for clinical analysis, therapeutic medicine (intracorporeal and extracorporeal applications). Production of highfructose corn syrup, L-aspartic acid, Lalanine and acrylamide. Environmental applications. Economic aspects of immobilized enzymes, microorganisms, mammalian cells and plant cells. Safety aspects.
ENZYME ENGINEERING:
Glucose isomerase, subtilisin, redesigned lactate dehydrogenase. Synthetic enzymesperoxidase. Catalytic antibodies