Importance of Environmental Chemistry as applied to the Environmental Engineering, types of reactions, reversible and irreversible reaction, redox reactions, reaction kinetics. Modes of expression for molarity, normality, molality, etc., Electrochemistry and its applications.Physical and equilibrium chemistry– fundamentals and applications. pH–Principle, Measurement, Numerical Examples, Buffers and Buffer index
Colloidal Chemistry:
Colloids – Types, properties and environmental significance. Colloidal dispersions in water, air and emulsions. Theory of colloids – double layer theory, zeta potential, destabilization of colloids (Schulze – Hardy rule) as applied to coagulation process. Absorption and adsorption process, adsorption isotherms
Instrumental methods of analysis:
Lambert’s and Beer’s law. Colorimetry – estimation of iron and manganese in water samples. Methods of determining the trace organic and inorganic contaminants using emission and absorption technique
Water & waste water analysis:
Fluoridation, deflouridation, chlorination, BOD, DO, types and measurement of BOD, rate of BOD & theoretical oxygen removal, COD- determination & its application in wastewater treatment
Microbiology -
Microorganisms of importance in air, water and soil environment Principles and applications of microscopy, microscopic flora and fauna of importance. Metabolism and metabolic pathways, Bioconcentration, Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation.
Bacteria –
Morphology, typical growth curve and generation time, Measurement Techniques – APC, MPN (Probability and Thomas methods), MFT. Monod’s equation and its applications. Algae - orphology, classification and their importance.
Fungi -
Protozoa - morphology, classification and their importance.
Enzymes -
classification, kinetics – Michaelis - Menten equation, factors influencing enzyme reaction. Virology - Types, characteristics and enumeration methodology.