Introduction:
Basic imaging principle, Imaging modalities-Projection radiography, Computed Tomography, Nuclear medicine, Ultrasound imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
X-Ray :
Interaction between X-Rays and matter, Intensity of an X-Ray, Attenuation, X-Ray Generation and Generators, Beam Restrictors and Grids, Intensifying screens, fluorescent screens and Image intensifiers, X-Raydetectors, Conventional X-Ray radiography, Fluoroscopy, Angiography, Digital radiography, X-Ray image characteristics, Biological effects of ionizing radiation
Computed Tomography :
Conventional tomography, Computed tomography principle, Generations of CT machines – First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth & Seventh, Projection function, Reconstruction algorithms – Back Projection Method, 2D Fourier Transform Method, Filtered Back Projection Method, Iteration Method, Parallel Beam Reconstruction, Fan Beam Reconstruction, Helical CT Reconstruction.
Ultrasound :
Acoustic propagation, Attenuation, Absorption and Scattering, Ultrasonic transducers, Transducer Arrays, A mode, B mode, M mode scanners, Tissue characterization, Color Doppler flow imaging, Echocardiography.
Radio Nuclide Imaging:
Interaction of nuclear particles and matter, Nuclear sources, Radionuclide generators, Nuclear radiation detectors, Rectilinear scanner, scintillation camera, SPECT, PET.
Infrared Imaging:
Physics of thermography – imaging systems – pyroelectricvidicon camera clinical thermography – liquid crystal thermography.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging :
Angular momentum, Magnetic dipole moment, Magnetization, Larmor frequency, Rotating frame of reference, Free induction decay, Relaxation times, Pulse sequences, Generation and Detection of NMR Imager. Slice selection, Frequency encoding, Phase encoding, Spin-Echo imaging, Gradient-Echo imaging, Imaging safety, Biological effects of magnetic field, Introduction to Functional MRI.