Standards of measurement: Definition and Objectives of metrology,Standards of length - International prototype meter, Imperial standardyard, Wave length standard, subdivision of standards, line and endstandard, comparison, transfer from line standard to end standard,calibration of end bars (Numerical), Slip gauges, Wringing phenomena,Indian Standards (M-81, M-112), Numerical problems on building ofslip gauges.
System of limits, Fits, Tolerances and gauging: Definition oftolerance, Specification in assembly, Principle of inter changeability andselective assembly limits of size, Indian standards, concept of limits ofsize and tolerances, compound tolerances, accumulation of tolerances,definition of fits, types of fits and their designation (IS 919 -1963),geometrical tolerance, positional - tolerances, hole basis system, shaftbasis of system, classification of gauges, brief concept of design ofgauges (Taylor\'s principles), Wear allowance on gauges, Types ofgauges -plain plug gauge, ring Gauge, snap gauge, limit gauge andgauge materials.
Comparators and Angular measurement:Introduction toComparator, Characteristics, classification of comparators, mechanicalcomparators - Sigma Comparators, dial indicator, Optical Comparators -principles, Zeiss ultra optimeter, Electric and Electronic Comparators -principles, Pneumatic Comparators, back pressure gauges, Solex Comparators. Angular measurements, Bevel Protractor, Sine Principleand. use of Sine bars, Sine center, use of angle gauges, Clinometers.Screw thread gear measurement: Terminology of screw threads,measurement of major diameter, minor diameter pitch, angle andeffective diameter of screw threads by 2-wire and 3-wire methods, Bestsize wire. Gear tooth vernier.
Measurements and Measurement systems: Definition, Significanceof measurement, generalized measurement system, definitions andconcept of accuracy, precision, calibration, threshold, sensitivity,hystersis, repeatability, linearity, loading effect, system response-timesdelay. Errors in Measurements, Classification of Errors. Transducers,Transfer efficiency, Primary and Secondary transducers, electrical,Mechanical, electronic transducers, advantages of each type transducers.
Measurement of quantities: Principle, analytical balance, platformbalance, proving ring, Torque measurement, Prony brake, hydraulicdynamometer. Pressure Measurements, Principle, use of elasticmembers, Bridgeman gauge, Mcloed gauge, Pirani Gauge.Temperature and strain measurement: Resistance thermometers,thermocouple, law of thermocouple, materials used for construction,pyrometer, Optical Pyrometer. Strain Measurements, Strain gauge,preparation and mounting of strain gauges, gauge factor, methods ofstrain measurement