18AE32 Aero Thermodynamics syllabus for AE

Fundamental Concepts & Definitions:

Thermodynamics definition and scope, Microscopic and Macroscopic approaches. Some practical applications of engineering thermodynamic Systems, Characteristics of system boundary and control surface, examples. Thermodynamic properties; definition and Modules, intensive and extensive properties. Thermodynamic state, state point, state diagram, path and process, quasi-static process, cyclic and non-cyclic processes; Thermodynamic equilibrium; definition, mechanical equilibrium; diathermic wall, thermal equilibrium, chemical equilibrium. Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Temperature; concepts, scales, fixed points and measurements.

Work and Heat:

Mechanics-definition of work and its limitations. Thermodynamic definition of work; examples, sign convention. Displacement work; as a part of a system boundary, as a whole of a system boundary, expressions for displacement work in various processes through p-v diagrams. Shaft work; Electrical work. Other types of work. Heat; definition, units and sign convention. Problems.

First Law of Thermodynamics:

Joules experiments, equivalence of heat and work. Statement of the First law of thermodynamics, extension of the First law to non - cyclic processes, energy, energy as a property, modes of energy, pure substance; definition, two-property rule, Specific heat at constant volume, enthalpy, specific heat at constant pressure. Extension of the First law to control volume; steady state-steady flow energy equation, important applications, analysis of unsteady processes such as film and evacuation of vessels with and without heat transfer.

Second Law of Thermodynamics:

Devices converting heat to work; (a) in a thermodynamic cycle, (b) in a mechanical cycle. Thermal reservoir. Direct heat engine; schematic representation and efficiency. Devices converting work to heat in a thermodynamic cycle; reversed heat engine, schematic representation, coefficients of performance. Kelvin - Planck statement of the Second law of Thermodynamics; PMM I and PMM II, Clausius statement of Second law of Thermodynamics, Equivalence of the two statements; Reversible and Irreversible processes; factors that make a process irreversible, reversible heat engines, Carnot cycle, Carnot principles.

Entropy:

Clasius inequality; Statement, proof, application to a reversible cycle. Entropy; definition, a property, change of entropy, principle of increase in entropy, entropy as a quantitative test for irreversibility, calculation of entropy using Tds relations, entropy as a coordinate. Available and unavailable energy.

Pure Substances & Ideal Gases:

Mixture of ideal gases and real gases, ideal gas equation, compressibility factor use of charts. P-T and P-V diagrams, triple point and critical points. Sub-cooled liquid, Saturated liquid, mixture of saturated liquid and vapour, saturated vapour and superheated vapour states of pure substance with water as example. Enthalpy of change of phase (Latent heat). Dryness fraction (quality), T-S and H-S diagrams, representation of various processes on these diagrams.

Thermodynamic relations

Maxwell’s equations, Tds relations, ratio of heat capacities, evaluation of thermodynamic properties from an equation of state.

Gas Power Cycles:

Efficiency of air standard cycles, Carnot, Otto, Diesel cycles, P-V & T-S diagram, calculation of efficiency.

Vapour power cycle:

Simple Rankine cycle, Analysis and performance of Rankine Cycle, Ideal and practical regenerative Rankine cycles –Reheat and Regenerative Cycles, Binary vapour cycle.

Course Outcomes:

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

• CO1: Apply the concepts and definitions of thermodynamics.
• CO2: Differentiate thermodynamic work and heat and apply I law and II law of thermodynamics to different process.
• CO3: Apply the principles of various gas cycles.

Question paper pattern:

• The question paper will have ten full questions carrying equal marks.
• Each full question will be for 20 marks.
• There will be two full questions (with a maximum of four sub- questions) from each module.
• Each full question will have sub- question covering all the topics under a module.
• The students will have to answer five full questions, selecting one full question from each module.

Textbooks

1 Basic and Applied Thermodynamics P K Nag Tata McGraw Hill 2nd Ed , 2002

2. Basic Engineering Thermodynamics A Venkatesh Universities Press, India 2007

Reference Books

1 Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach Yunus A. Cenegal and Michael A. Boles Tata McGraw Hill 2002

2 Engineering Thermodynamics J.B. Jones and G.A. Hawkins, John Wiley and Sons Wiley 1986

3 Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics G. J. Van Wylen and R.E. Sonntag Wiley Eastern, Wiley 1985

4 An Introduction to Thermodynamics Y.V.C. Rao Wiley Eastern 1993

5 Basic Thermodynamics B. K Venkanna, Swati B. Wadavadagi PHI, New Delhi 2010