BASIC CONCEPTS & LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS:
System, Surrounding & Processes, Closed and Open systems, State Properties, Intensive & Extensive Properties, State and Path functions, Equilibrium state, enthalpy, specific heat, Reversible and Irreversible processes. Zeroth law of Thermodynamics, General statement of First law of Thermodynamics, First law for Cyclic Process, Non- Flow Process, Flow process, Heat capacity. Heat reservoir and Heat engines. General statements of the second law, Concept of entropy, Carnot principle, Calculation of entropy changes, Clausius inequality, Entropy and Irreversibility, Third law of Thermodynamics. Numericals.
PVT BEHAVIOUR AND COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS:
PVT Behavior of pure fluids, equations of state & ideal gas law, Processes involving ideal gas law: Constant volume, constant pressure, constant temperature, adiabatic & polytrophic processes, Equations of state for real gases: Vander Waals equation, Redlich-Kwong equation, PengRobinson equation, virial equation. Numericals. Principles of corresponding states, generalized compressibility charts, Heat effects accompanying chemical reactions, Standard heat of reaction, formation, combustion, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, effect of temperature on standard heat of reaction. Numericals.
PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS & THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS:
Reference properties, energy properties, derived properties, work function, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy, Relationships among thermodynamic Properties: Exact differential equations, fundamental property relations, Maxwell's equations, Clapeyron equations, modified equations for internal energy (U) & enthalpy (H), Effect of temperature on U, H & Entropy (S). GibbsHelmholtz equation. Concept of Fugacity, Fugacity coefficient, effect of temperature and pressure on fugacity, Determination of fugacity of pure gases, solids and liquids, Activity: Effect of temperature and pressure on activity. Numericals.Thermodynamic diagrams – types of diagrams and construction of thermodynamic diagrams. Numericals.
PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS & PHASE EQUILIBRIA:
Partial molar properties of solution and its determination , chemical potential –effect of temperature and pressure , lewis –randall rule, Raoults law for ideal solutions, fugacity in solutions, Henry's law and dilute solutions – ideal behavior of real solutions and Henry’s law, Activity in solutions, Activity coefficients – effect of temperature and pressure, Gibbs - Duhem equation, calculation of activity coefficients using Gibbs-Duhem equation. Numericals.
Criteria of phase Equilibria, criterion of stability, Duhem's theorem, Vapour-Liquid Equilibria, VLE in ideal solutions, Non-Ideal solutions, Consistency test for VLE data, Azeotropes. Numericals.
BIOCHEMICAL ENERGETICS:
Coupled reactions and energy rise compounds, Reaction Stoichiometry, criteria of biochemical reaction equilibrium, equilibrium constant and standard free energy change, effect of temperature, pressure on equilibrium constants and other- factors affecting equilibrium conversion – Le – chatelier’s principle, liquid phase reactions, heterogeneous bioreaction equilibria, phase rule for reacting systems, Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium diagrams. Numericals.
Course outcomes:
After studying this course, students will be able to:
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by Y.V.C. Rao, New Age International.
2. A Textbook of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, 1 st Ed (2001) by K.V. Narayanan, PHI.
3. Principles of Biochemistry by Lubert Stryer, Freeman Int. Edition.
4. Biochemistry by Mathews, Vanholde & Arhen, Pearson Education.
5. Biochemistry by Garett & Grisham, Thompson Learning.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Introduction to Chemical Engineering thermodynamics, 6 th Ed (2003) by J.M. Smith ,H.C. Van Ness & M.M.Abbott. MGH.
2. Biochemical Calculations, 2nd Ed,( 1976) by Irwin H.Segel, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Engineering Thermodynamics by R K Singal, I K Intl.
4. Engineering Thermodynamics by Spading and Cole, ELBS.
5. Engineering Thermodynamics by Jones J.B. Hawkins, John Wiley.
6. Principles of Biochemistry by Albert Lehninger, CBS publishers.
7. Bioenergetics by L Eruster, Academic Press, New York