Optical fiber Communications: Historical development, The general system, Advantages of optical fiber communication, Optical fiber waveguides: Ray theory transmission, Modes in planar guide, Phase and group velocity, Cylindrical fiber: Modes, Step index fibers, Graded index fibers, Single mode fibers, Cutoff wavelength, Mode field diameter, effective refractive index. Fiber Materials, Photonic crystal fibers. (Text 2)
Transmission characteristics of optical fiber: Attenuation, Material absorption losses, Linear scattering losses, Nonlinear scattering losses, Fiber bend loss, Dispersion, Chromatic dispersion, Intermodal dispersion: Multimode step index fiber.
Optical Fiber Connectors: Fiber alignment and joint loss, Fiber splices, Fiber connectors, Fiber couplers. (Text 2)
Optical sources: Energy Bands, Direct and Indirect Bandgaps, Light Emitting diodes: LED Structures, Light Source Materials, Quantum Efficiency and LED Power, Modulation. Laser Diodes: Modes and Threshold conditions, Rate equation, External Quantum Efficiency, Resonant frequencies, Laser Diode structures and Radiation Patterns: Single mode lasers.
Photodetectors: Physical principles of Photodiodes, Photodetector noise, Detector response time.
Optical Receiver: Optical Receiver Operation: Error sources,Front End Amplifiers, Receiver sensitivity, Quantum Limit. (Text 1)
WDM Concepts and Components: Overview of WDM: Operational Principles of WDM, WDM standards, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Multiplexers, Isolators and Circulators, Fiber grating filters, Dielectric Thin-Film Filters, Diffraction Gratings, Active Optical Components, Tunable light sources,
Optical amplifiers: Basic application and Types, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers, Raman Amplifiers, Wideband Optical Amplifiers. (Text 1)
Optical Networks: Optical network evolution and concepts: Optical networking terminology, Optical network node and switching elements, Wavelength division multiplexed networks, Public telecommunication network overview. Optical network transmission modes, layers and protocols: Synchronous networks, Asynchronous transfer mode, OSI reference model, Optical transport network, Internet protocol, Wavelength routing networks: Routing and wavelength assignment, Optical switching networks: Optical circuit switched networks, packet switched networks, Multiprotocol Label Switching, Optical burst switching networks, Optical network deployment: Long-haul networks, Metropoliton area networks, Access networks, Local area networks. (Text 2)