Fundamental Concepts & Definitions: Thermodynamics definition. Characteristics of systemboundary and control surface, examples. Thermodynamic properties - definition and units,intensive and extensive properties. Thermodynamic state, state point, state diagram, path andprocess, quasi-static process, cyclic and non-cyclic processes; Thermodynamic equilibrium;Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Temperature; concepts, scales, fixed points and measurements.Work and Heat: Thermodynamic definition of work; examples, sign convention, p-v diagrams.
First Law of Thermodynamics: Statement of the First law of thermodynamics, extension ofthe First law to non - cyclic processes. Specific heat at constant volume, enthalpy, specific heatat constant pressure, important applications.Second Law of Thermodynamics: Kelvin - Planck statement of the Second law ofThermodynamics; PMM I and PMM II, Clausius statement of Second law of Thermodynamics,Equivalence of the two statements; Reversible and irrevesible processes; factors that make aprocess irreversible, reversible heat engines, Carnot cycle, Carnot principles.
Gas power cycle: Air Standard cycles: Carnot, Otto, Diesel, Dual and Stirling cycles, P-V andT-S diagrams, description, efficiencies and mean effective pressures, Comparison of Otto, Dieseland dual cycles.Vapour Power Cycles: Carnot vapour power cycles, Simple Rankine cycle, T- S diagram,comparison of Carnot and Rankine cycles.
Entropy: Clasius inequality; Statement, proof, application to a reversible cycle. Entropy;definition, a property, change of entropy, principle of increase in entropy, calculation of entropyusing Tds relations.Pure Substances: P-T and P-V diagrams, triple point and critical points. Subcooled liquid,saturated liquid, mixture of saturated liquid and vapour, saturated vapour and superheated vapourstates of pure substance with water as example. Enthalpy of change of phase (Latent heat).Dryness fraction (quality), Steam tables and its use.
Refrigeration: Vapour compression refrigeration system ; description, analysis, refrigeratingeffect, capacity , power required, units of refrigeration, COP , Refrigerants and their desirableproperties. Air cycle refrigeration; reversed Carnot cycle, reversed Brayton cycle, Vapourabsorption refrigeration system. Calculation of refrigeration load with examples.Psychometry: Atmospheric air and psychometric properties; Dry bulb temperature, wet bulbtemperature, dew point temperature; partial pressures, specific and relative humidities.Construction and use of psychometric chart . Analysis of various processes; heating, cooling ,dehumidifying and humidifying. Summer and winter air conditioning. Calculation of airconditioning load with examples.