Introduction:
Characteristics of Database approach, Actors on the Scene, Workers behind the scene, Advantages of using DBMS approach, Data models, schemas and instances, Three -schema architecture and data independence, Database languages and interfaces, the database system environment, Centralized and client -server architectures, Classification of Database Management systems, Entity-Relationship Model: Conceptual Database using high level conceptual data models for Database Design, A Sample Database Application, Entity types, Entity sets Attributes and Keys Relationship types, Relationship Sets, Roles and Structural Constraints Weak Entity Types.
Relational Model
Relational Model and Relational Algebra: Relational Model Concepts, Relational Model Concepts, Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schema Update Operations, Transactions and Dealing with Constraint violations, Unary Relational operations, Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory, Binary Relational Operations, JOIN and DIVISION, Additional Relational Operations, Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra Relational Database Design Using ER-to- Relational Mapping
Introduction to SQL:
Overview of the SQL Query Language, SQL Data Definition, Basic structure of SQL Queries, Additional Basic Operations, Null values, Aggregate Functions, nested Sub queries, Modification of the Database, Join Expressions, Views, Transactions, Integrity Constraints, SQL Data Types and Schemas, Authorization. Database programming issues and techniques, Embedded SQL.
Database Design:
Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas, Functional Dependencies, Normal Forms based on Primary Keys, General Definitions of 2nd and 3rd Normal Forms, Boyce Codd Normal Forms, Stored Procedures and functions,Triggers.
Transaction Management:
Transaction Concept, A Simple Transaction Model, Transaction Atomicity and Durability, Serializability, Transaction Isolation and Atomicity, Transaction Isolation Levels, Implementation of Isolation Levels. Concurrency Control: Lock Based Protocols, Deadlock Handling. Recovery System: Failure Classification, Storage, Recovery and Atomicity, Recovery Algorithm.